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The port drayage industry depends heavily on owner-operators driving as independent contractors to licensed motor carriers (LMCs). There are many employee-driven fleets and LMCs with both, but owner-operators make up the bulk of US drayage drivers. California State Assembly Bill 5 (AB5), passed in September 2019 and due to be enforced in 2020, drastically tightens the definition of an independent contractor. To be considered an independent contractor, a California driver must satisfy the “ABC” test: A. The person is free from the control and direction of the hiring entity, both in contract and in fact. B. The person performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s busine